Trajectory
Age-grade distortion (how students progress through grades) · 2024 INEP census
Age-grade distortion (TDI) by stage
Percentage of students who are 2 or more years older than the expected grade for their age — a key indicator of how often students repeat or fall behind. Lower is better. National averages: ~10% (anos iniciais), ~22% (anos finais), ~25% (ensino médio).
8.3%
Anos iniciais (1º-5º)
Low
Low
29.0%
Anos finais (6º-9º)
High
High
21.3%
Ensino fundamental
Moderate
Moderate
—
Ensino médio
TDI per grade — Ensino fundamental
Distortion typically grows from one grade to the next as students who repeat accumulate. A steep upward slope signals students struggling to progress.
8.3%
1º
0.0%
2º
0.0%
3º
7.7%
4º
15.8%
5º
34.4%
6º
17.4%
7º
15.8%
8º
42.3%
9º
Teachers with higher-education degree (DSU)
% of teaching staff with a college degree (curso superior) per stage of education. Higher is better. Brazilian law (LDB) requires teachers in anos finais and ensino médio to hold a degree.
0.0%
Educação infantil
40.0%
Anos iniciais (1-5)
62.5%
Anos finais (6-9)