Trajectory
Age-grade distortion (how students progress through grades) · 2024 INEP census
Age-grade distortion (TDI) by stage
Percentage of students who are 2 or more years older than the expected grade for their age — a key indicator of how often students repeat or fall behind. Lower is better. National averages: ~10% (anos iniciais), ~22% (anos finais), ~25% (ensino médio).
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Anos iniciais (1º-5º)
19.8%
Anos finais (6º-9º)
Moderate
Moderate
19.8%
Ensino fundamental
Moderate
Moderate
31.1%
Ensino médio
High
High
TDI per grade — Ensino fundamental
Distortion typically grows from one grade to the next as students who repeat accumulate. A steep upward slope signals students struggling to progress.
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1º
—
2º
—
3º
—
4º
—
5º
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6º
12.8%
7º
23.7%
8º
21.6%
9º
TDI per grade — Ensino médio
High distortion in ensino médio is common nationally — many students arrive already behind from earlier stages.
32.7%
1º
29.1%
2º
32.1%
3º
—
4º
Teachers with higher-education degree (DSU)
% of teaching staff with a college degree (curso superior) per stage of education. Higher is better. Brazilian law (LDB) requires teachers in anos finais and ensino médio to hold a degree.
95.5%
Anos finais (6-9)
96.3%
Ensino médio