Trajectory
Age-grade distortion (how students progress through grades) · 2024 INEP census
Age-grade distortion (TDI) by stage
Percentage of students who are 2 or more years older than the expected grade for their age — a key indicator of how often students repeat or fall behind. Lower is better. National averages: ~10% (anos iniciais), ~22% (anos finais), ~25% (ensino médio).
6.2%
Anos iniciais (1º-5º)
Low
Low
12.2%
Anos finais (6º-9º)
Low
Low
9.6%
Ensino fundamental
Low
Low
13.6%
Ensino médio
Low
Low
TDI per grade — Ensino fundamental
Distortion typically grows from one grade to the next as students who repeat accumulate. A steep upward slope signals students struggling to progress.
5.9%
1º
3.7%
2º
8.3%
3º
4.8%
4º
7.1%
5º
3.9%
6º
19.1%
7º
5.4%
8º
24.1%
9º
TDI per grade — Ensino médio
High distortion in ensino médio is common nationally — many students arrive already behind from earlier stages.
17.4%
1º
9.5%
2º
13.3%
3º
—
4º
Teachers with higher-education degree (DSU)
% of teaching staff with a college degree (curso superior) per stage of education. Higher is better. Brazilian law (LDB) requires teachers in anos finais and ensino médio to hold a degree.
88.9%
Anos iniciais (1-5)
100.0%
Anos finais (6-9)
100.0%
Ensino médio