Trajectory
Age-grade distortion (how students progress through grades) · 2024 INEP census
Age-grade distortion (TDI) by stage
Percentage of students who are 2 or more years older than the expected grade for their age — a key indicator of how often students repeat or fall behind. Lower is better. National averages: ~10% (anos iniciais), ~22% (anos finais), ~25% (ensino médio).
1.8%
Anos iniciais (1º-5º)
Very low
Very low
15.6%
Anos finais (6º-9º)
Moderate
Moderate
8.1%
Ensino fundamental
Low
Low
—
Ensino médio
TDI per grade — Ensino fundamental
Distortion typically grows from one grade to the next as students who repeat accumulate. A steep upward slope signals students struggling to progress.
0.0%
1º
4.2%
2º
0.0%
3º
0.0%
4º
3.1%
5º
25.0%
6º
0.0%
7º
18.2%
8º
15.0%
9º
Teachers with higher-education degree (DSU)
% of teaching staff with a college degree (curso superior) per stage of education. Higher is better. Brazilian law (LDB) requires teachers in anos finais and ensino médio to hold a degree.
57.1%
Anos iniciais (1-5)
62.5%
Anos finais (6-9)