Trajectory
Age-grade distortion (how students progress through grades) · 2024 INEP census
Age-grade distortion (TDI) by stage
Percentage of students who are 2 or more years older than the expected grade for their age — a key indicator of how often students repeat or fall behind. Lower is better. National averages: ~10% (anos iniciais), ~22% (anos finais), ~25% (ensino médio).
6.5%
Anos iniciais (1º-5º)
Low
Low
6.7%
Anos finais (6º-9º)
Low
Low
6.5%
Ensino fundamental
Low
Low
15.0%
Ensino médio
Low
Low
TDI per grade — Ensino fundamental
Distortion typically grows from one grade to the next as students who repeat accumulate. A steep upward slope signals students struggling to progress.
11.5%
1º
7.1%
2º
3.3%
3º
7.4%
4º
3.6%
5º
16.7%
6º
0.0%
7º
5.9%
8º
4.8%
9º
TDI per grade — Ensino médio
High distortion in ensino médio is common nationally — many students arrive already behind from earlier stages.
25.0%
1º
33.3%
2º
0.0%
3º
—
4º
Teachers with higher-education degree (DSU)
% of teaching staff with a college degree (curso superior) per stage of education. Higher is better. Brazilian law (LDB) requires teachers in anos finais and ensino médio to hold a degree.
75.0%
Educação infantil
40.0%
Anos iniciais (1-5)
81.8%
Anos finais (6-9)
77.8%
Ensino médio