Trajectory
Age-grade distortion (how students progress through grades) · 2024 INEP census
Age-grade distortion (TDI) by stage
Percentage of students who are 2 or more years older than the expected grade for their age — a key indicator of how often students repeat or fall behind. Lower is better. National averages: ~10% (anos iniciais), ~22% (anos finais), ~25% (ensino médio).
20.0%
Anos iniciais (1º-5º)
Moderate
Moderate
50.9%
Anos finais (6º-9º)
Very high
Very high
37.3%
Ensino fundamental
High
High
29.0%
Ensino médio
High
High
TDI per grade — Ensino fundamental
Distortion typically grows from one grade to the next as students who repeat accumulate. A steep upward slope signals students struggling to progress.
0.0%
1º
33.3%
2º
27.3%
3º
12.5%
4º
12.5%
5º
46.2%
6º
47.1%
7º
58.3%
8º
53.3%
9º
TDI per grade — Ensino médio
High distortion in ensino médio is common nationally — many students arrive already behind from earlier stages.
37.5%
1º
20.0%
2º
30.8%
3º
—
4º
Teachers with higher-education degree (DSU)
% of teaching staff with a college degree (curso superior) per stage of education. Higher is better. Brazilian law (LDB) requires teachers in anos finais and ensino médio to hold a degree.
100.0%
Anos iniciais (1-5)
83.3%
Anos finais (6-9)
100.0%
Ensino médio